Made Art That Mirrored Critiqued and at Times Incorporated Everyday Items
Pop Art: The explosion of celebrity culture, consumerism and widespread icons, from the 1950s/60s upward until today.
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Pop Art is a tremendously influential move that originally began between the 1950s and '60s. Information technology spoke to the masses - rather than to individuals – with its focus on the simplified language of post-war consumerism.
What is Popular Fine art?
At its core Pop Fine art is Commercial Art, a reproduceable Art grade of the seemingly eternal icons for the masses, developed on the streets, outside of the galleries of the elite, and from the symbols of daily life.
Artists started to apply symbols and references which were a direct reference to everyday products, brands, and mass symbols - the 'culture' which was influencing people's lives, views and habits. These 'icons of modern-day society' represented the earth in which these artists – and people in general - grew upward.
The brands, images and faces of Hollywood stars were seen everywhere, recognisable in adverts, on the shelves of the local supermarket or in the kitchen cupboard. They were the omnipresent visual symbols of 'Pop Culture'.
In the 1950s-60s, the 'star-system' - the world of celebrity civilisation that began in the 1920s with the large stars of Hollywood starting from the pre-state of war years - reached its meridian. In that location was a sense of 'Pop Culture', surrounding the big names and their image. And now it affected both the works of contemporary artists and the lives of the artists themselves. Fame became central.
By starting to use the common symbols and icons, realising the outcome of these strong images, artists presently became stars themselves. More than ever before, the Art Earth was a earth of celebrities.
Who are the about influential artists of Pop Art?
1. Andy Warhol (1928-1987)
Andy Warhol is probably the virtually influential figure of Pop Fine art. He became a renowned celebrity himself. Understanding 'star-culture', advertisement and the effect of the media, he made these the core of his piece of work – and life as an creative person. His studio, likewise known as the Manufactory, became a hive for artistic celebrities of the time, attracting other powerful personalities and resonating the effect of the Andy Warhol 'brand'.
We tin see him as the complete representation of this civilisation and movement. With his distinctive and very personal manner, Warhol gave voice to glory civilisation like nobody else and his works notwithstanding influence art, fashion and design today.
For instance, Manager Gus Van Sant has recently announced he is working on a musical, 'Andy' to celebrate this legendary figure! Information technology volition also include a duet with Warhol and the Art Critic Cloudless Greenberg, as if to mark his anti-conventional character and importance for the Art Globe. In May 2021, 5 Andy Warhol'southward works were sold at sale in the course of NFTs, every bit the event of a collaboration betwixt The Andy Warhol Foundation and Christie's auction firm.
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2. Keith Haring (1958-1990)
American Keith Allen Haring started as a Street Creative person, leaving marks and messages on the streets and in the subway in New York. As he stated: "My dad made drawing characters for me, and they were very similar to the way I started to draw—with i line and a cartoon outline".
He offset studied Commercial Art at Pittsburgh, and then feeling the need to movement away he left the school to go to New York City where he became known as one of the slap-up figures of Graffiti Art and Pop Art. His extremely recognisable imagery was speaking for the subculture of the 1980s, advocating for AIDS awareness and drug abuse. His work was even exhibited in the Whitney Biennial and Venice Biennale.
In April 1986, Haring opened the Pop Shop in Soho, selling merchandise featuring his work. Criticised for this, he stated "I could earn more than coin if I but painted a few things and jacked upward the price. My shop is an extension of what I was doing in the subway stations, breaking down the barriers betwixt loftier and low art."
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3. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997)
Roy Fox Lichtenstein is one of the fathers of the Pop Art movement. His works are characterised by a very unique style, making him one of the leading artists. In November 2015, Christie'due south sold Lichtenstein'south 'Nurse' for a tape $95.4 one thousand thousand.
In this piece, as well as in other works, we can see how the enlarged imagery of adverts and comics with recognisable characters, highlights the irony of the images and situations which absurdly depict every-solar day life.
This creative person defined Pop art not as 'American' painting, but as 'Industrial' painting. It was disruptive, inspired by comics featuring war and romantic stories, "annihilation I could use as a subject field that was emotionally strong […] opposite to the removed and deliberate painting techniques".
iv. Tom Wesselmann (1931-2004)
American artist Tom Wesselmann, whose work has seen a renewed involvement in the years following his death, worked in sculpture, painting and collage. He gave a strong poetic twist to the common subjects of Pop Art.
In his practice, he studied traditional themes, such as the nude, notwithstanding life and landscape, blending them with publicity and everyday objects. His work combines realistic objects with surreal, dreamy and illusionistic spaces, made with strong chromatic surfaces.
five. Mimmo Rotella (1918-2006)
Italian creative person Domenico Rotella, too known every bit Mimmo Rotella, was an incredibly active artist in the 2d half of the 20th century. He is considered one of the most important figures of postal service-war European art.
Shut to Ultra-Lettrists, Nouveau Réalisme and fifty-fifty the Pop Fine art movement, he combined pieces of adverts and posters in his décollage works. For this technique he used a series of stripped and torn posters, assembling them to create a tremendously expressive and powerful aesthetic.
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6. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008)
Robert Rauschenberg was an American graphic artist, photographer, printmaker, painter and performance creative person. Co-ordinate to some he predictable the Pop Art move, however, he has been described every bit a 'Neo-Dadaist'.
Co-ordinate to him, "painting relates to both art and life" – and his aim was to piece of work "in the gap between the 2". Rauschenberg collected discarded objects on the streets of New York City, incorporating them in his work. He even introduced plant pictures in his paintings by using serigraphy to transpose them on the sail – a technique which was widely used by Pop Artists.
vii. Richard Hamilton (1922-2011)
Richard Hamilton was a leading figure of the British generation of Pop Art artists. Like many other artists of this move, his roots in Commercial Fine art had a bang-up affect on his work.
His collage "But What is it that makes today'southward homes so unlike, so highly-seasoned?" (1956) was used as the main image for the poster and catalogue of an exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery, giving him an incredible amount of visibility and underlining the importance of his work. He was besides part of the 'Independent Group', which had a strong role in the British Pop Art movement.
Courtesy of the Tate collection
8. James Rosenquist (1933-2017)
Another extremely of import and famous Pop Fine art artist is with no doubt James Rosenquist. He can exist considered one of the strongest and almost influential modern Pop Art artists, forth with Warhol and Lichtenstein.
His work dived deep into cinematography and advertising, drawing from his background in sign painting. James Rosenquist employed techniques which are conventionally used to create Commercial Art. His works appear as an overwhelming mixture of fragmented images of electric current icons, everyday objects and popular foods - giant lipsticks or spaghetti.
nine. Robert Indiana (1928-2018)
American artist Robert Indiana created world-famous iconic works, which still have a strong influence on Blueprint. Scenographer and costume designer, he had an incredibly interesting career.
He used flashy assuming words, like 'Consume' or 'HOPE'. Highlighting the commercial aspect of these eye-catching short words, the Pop aspect is clear in his piece of work. His most iconic slice is "Dear" (1970), a sculpture that became widely known and replicated.
10. Mel Ramos (1935-2018)
Artist Mel Ramos was an American figurative painter, whose family was originally Portuguese-Azorean. An exponent of Pop Fine art and a university professor, his works ofttimes were of the female nude, mixing abstract and realist aspects.
His works were presented aslope those by Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol, and exhibited in many grouping shows. He was actually i of the first to describe comic volume strips. A certain irony can exist found in his works – distinguishing him from other Popular artists. In fact, his symbols and subjects take a slightly dissimilar meaning to those found in works of others.
11. Hariton Pushwagner (1940-2018)
Terje Brofos, who's artist name was Hariton Pushwagner, was a Norwegian Popular Artist. He was a Graphic artist and painter – and even a tennis histrion. Subsequently his studies at the Country's Schoolhouse of Art and Design in Olso, he spent many years struggling to find his personal style before becoming famous for his work.
His works show cartoonish images, partially derived by his fascination with Nowegian writer Axel Jensen's work. They accept a stiff bold graphic quality to them, and present impressive narratives.
12. Billy Apple tree (1935-2021)
Billy Apple, born Barrie Bates, was a painter and sculptor from New Zealand. His works have been strongly continued to the American and British schools of Pop Fine art of the 1960s, and the Conceptual Art of the 1970s. He even collaborated with many Pop artists, including Andy Warhol.
Creating his own persona after studying at London'south Royal College of Art, he bleached his pilus and eyebrows – making a recognisable image. He was one of the beginning artists to create neon artworks, and also opened an alternative studio. It was a meeting point for many artists, such as those of Fluxus and many Conceptual Artists.
13. Wayne Thiebaud (1920-current)
Wayne Thiebaud is a vastly recognised artist, specially for his works depicting everyday objects found in diners and cafeterias. Although he is often referred to equally a famous Pop Fine art creative person, he sometimes is said to be unlike from the pop civilization due to the distinct painting technique he has adopted.
Strongly confronting labels such as 'fine art' and 'commercial fine art', he did not see himself as a Pop artist. He despised the 'flat' and 'mechanical' attribute of Pop Art, still, his subjects often had a strong connection to this Fine art movement.
14. Alex Katz (1927-current)
Alex Katz is an American figurative artist, known for his sculptural, pictorial and print works. He has never stopped creating fresh and influential works - nowadays belonging to some of the most prestigious displays, collections and museums.
Originally from New York and of Jewish descent, Alex Katz became well-known in the 1980s. He developed a unique style which is linked both to Abstruse Expressionism and Pop Art, and is particularly well-known for his big-scale flat and assuming colourful paintings.
15. Yayoi Kusama (1929-current)
Japanese Gimmicky artist Yayoi Kusama is an incredibly important living creative person. Rooting her exercise in Conceptual Art, Feminism, Minimalism, Surrealism, Art Brut, Abstruse Expressionism and (of class) Pop Art, her works cover sculpture, installation, performance, film, way, poetry, fiction and painting.
Yayoi Kusama moved to New York City in 1958, attracted to the powerful and brilliant American Pop Art scene, but since and so she has returned to Nippon. She implemented her studies about infinity with her accommodating sculptures, and ofttimes touches on autobiographical, psychological and sexual content in her work.
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16. Claes Oldenburg (1929-electric current)
Originally from Sweden, Claes Oldenburg is a sculptor. He is known for his giant replicas or soft versions of immediately recognisable objects of everyday life.
His primary focus was food and the fashion it has been devalued – shifting from a primary necessity to a commercial product. Many of his works were made with his wife Coosje van Bruggen.
The selection of analysing symbols of mass consumption as subjects for his sculptures makes Claes Oldenburg a perfect instance of a modern Pop Fine art artist. In 1960-61, he fifty-fifty rented a store to and then fill it with painted plaster copies of nutrient, clothing, jewellery and other items in his work 'The Store'.
17. Jasper Johns (1930-electric current)
American painter, sculptor and printmaker Jasper Johns is linked to Abstract Expressionism, Neo-Dada and Pop Fine art. Born in S Carolina, in Allendale, he moved to New York in 1949, when he decided to study for a few semesters at Parson's Pattern Schoolhouse. He soon entered the Art scene with some works that brought upwardly an inedited relation betwixt real and painted images.
He is well-known for his works which represent the American flag. But his works too focus on lettering, newspaper prints, numbers, textures and maps. His pieces accept often had the title of most paid work by a living artist, reaching record prices at auction.
18. Peter Blake (1932-electric current)
Peter Blake is a famous British Pop artist. His work used elements from advertising and often used collage to include distinct symbols and pop references.
He was the creator of the famous album comprehend of The Beatles, 'Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Gild Ring', two of The Who's albums, the embrace of a Band Assistance single, a Live Aid poster – and worked on many other remarkable commissions. In 2002, he was knighted for his services to the Arts at Buckingham Palace.
19. James Gill (1934-current)
American Artist James Gill is seen as a central effigy of Pop Art. He is specially well-known for his 'Marilyn Triptych' (1962), which entered the MOMA's permanent collection in 1962.
James Gill'southward works are based on the primal Pop themes of Glory Culture and the icons of modern-day life – notwithstanding they are strongly political. In his work there is a disquisitional level, casting a grim and melancholic light onto important social and political themes, among which the Vietnam War.
Even so, after retiring from the Arts for nigh 30 years and returning in 2010, at present his works focus much more on the popular imagery of celebrities, technically blending realism and brainchild in a much more than serene mode.
xx. Jim Dine (1935-current)
Another incredibly famous artist is Jim Dine, with more than 300 solo exhibitions in of import institutions. His work includes painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture and photography – but even assemblage and happenings in his early on works.
He is associated with many different artforms - Neo-Dada and Abstract Expressionism, as well every bit Pop Art. In fact, like Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, he was part of the New Dada motility – resisting his clan to Popular Art and this movement's typical celebration of icons. Questioning the power of iconic symbols, he adult a vocabulary of simple symbols such every bit tools, hearts and birds – universally recognisable and even childlike.
21. David Hockney (1937-current)
Returning to the British Pop Art scene, we encounter David Hockney's work. Painter, draftsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, Hockney is i of the nigh prominent British Pop artists.
His painting mode combines a figurative thought with the vibrant pop color palette, creating extremely expressive settings that are still highly recognisable. In fact, his works are extremely popular, breaking sales records multiple times – such as with his ninety-one thousand thousand-dollar painting "Double Portrait", sold at Christie's in 2018.
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22. Ed Ruscha (1937-current)
Now living and working in California and represented by the Gagosian Gallery, Edward Ruscha is an American artist. His works span photography, painting, drawing, printmaking and film. His principal influences were Jasper Johns, Marcel Duchamp and Edward Hopper.
Graduating from the Chouinard Art Found in 1960 and collaborating with many big names, his early works are greatly connected to the Pop Art motion and the Beat Generation. But they likewise comprise aspects of Dada, Surrealism, Abstruse Expressionism and Conceptual Art as well.
23. Peter Max (1937-current)
Peter Max is a High german American artist, whose piece of work is recognizable for the utilize of bright colours and the visual imagery, Civilization and Aesthetics from the 1960s. His work has been associated with Psychedelic, Counter-Culture, Neo-Expressionism and Pop Art influences in Graphic Design.
He has often incorporated many icons and symbols in his piece of work. Thanks to the popularity of his timely style, he has collaborated with musicians - such equally Bob Dylan, and had numerous commissions – like the first 'Preserve the Environs' postage.
24. Jeff Koons (1955-current)
Talking about mass consumption and commonage icons, we cannot forget to mention American creative person Jeff Koons. Although this artist emerges afterwards than other artists, his Neo-Pop shapes tin be seen as close relatives of Andy Warhol's iconic artworks.
His works repeat Popular Fine art, not only for their colourfulness, but besides for the monumentality and influential power that they have. His kitsch and colourful sculptures – among which the well-known works 'Rabbit', 'Puppy' and 'Balloon Canis familiaris' - uniquely readdress the positive society for which they were created.
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Courtesy of Sonnabend Gallery, New York
25. George Condo (1957-current)
Also working at Andy Warhol's Factory for a period, George Condo is a contemporary visual creative person, working in painting, drawing, sculpture and printmaking. He is a highly respected artist that used the Pop narrative to create a style of his own.
In the 80s, he coined the term 'Bogus Realism' to describe his early work – "the realistic representation of that which is artificial" – meeting the paintings by the Erstwhile European Masters with American Pop Art. In his most recent piece of work, Condo'due south paintings translate man-similar figures in a humorous, grotesque and cartoonish earth. Still dominating the contemporary art scene, he refers to this line of work every bit 'Psychological Cubism'.
26. Nara Yoshimoto (1959-current)
Nara Yoshimoto is an active Japanese artist living in Tokyo. His work represents simple figures with cartoonish features. Actualization harmless, like children or domestic animals, but with contrasting expressions, poses or belongings weapons, they often result unsettling.
In a similar fashion to some other artist, Takashi Murakami – Yoshimoto's work has been defined as 'superflat' and 'pop' – expanding the iconography, cultural icons and symbols that nosotros conventionally associate with early on Pop Art works.
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27. Takashi Murakami (1962-current)
Gimmicky artist Takashi Murakami is an important effigy both for Pop Art and Japanese Civilisation. Painter, sculptor, and commercial artist, Murakami developed artworks inspired by his country'southward iconography – clouding the boundaries betwixt high and depression Art.
Originally from Tokyo, his artistic style presents returning motifs and anime inspired characters depicted in bright colours on big surfaces, or in the form of life-sized sculptures. He coined the term 'superflat', used to describe the Japanese artful tradition – and since then information technology has been applied to his works.
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28. Damien Hirst (1965-current)
The remarkably controversial figure of English language creative person, entrepreneur and collector Damien Hirst has undoubtedly dominated the Fine art scene. He won the Turner Prize in 1995, curated the fine art show 'Freeze' while studying, giving course to the successful group YBAs (Young British Artists) in the 1990s.
His conceptual works have a potent effect on audiences world-wide – making them most definitely Popular. Merely like Andy Warhol, Death is an important theme for his work. Ofttimes adopting Pop Fine art aesthetics, using symbols, powerful images or controversial icons he alludes to the world of consumption.
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Courtesy of Damien Hirst and Science Ltd.
29. Banksy
Anonymous street artist Banksy is probably the well-nigh popular artist nowadays. His fame is worldwide due to his Street Art works and his provocative approach. His manner is of strong Street Art derivation and his main mediums are spray paint and stencils. His works tackle current social and political situations.
Even though he cannot directly be classified as a Pop Fine art artist, his works are strongly influenced by popular images, Popular Art and consumerist symbols – with his most iconic works becoming reproduceable icons themselves.
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30. Niclas Castello (1978-current)
A Contemporary artist, strongly influenced past Pop Fine art, is German Niclas Castello. Inspired by Street artist Invader, and initially a Street artist himself, his works are powerful and iconic, related to way and consumerism.
He became renowned thanks to 'The Kiss' sculptures which have a similar monumental stance to Jeff Koons' glossy and metallic balloons or Claes Oldenburg'southward giant replicas of everyday objects. In full general, his works combine Neo-Expressionist and Street Art influences, likewise as the Neo-Pop variation of other famous Popular art artists' subjects.
What can nosotros define as Popular Fine art today?
Many names are nevertheless recognisable now. The Pop artists' works have get even more widespread. In fact, fifty-fifty though the end of this movement is connected to the tragic death of Andy Warhol, many aspects of the civilization and the important artworks are still influential today.
Withal, Pop Art is not but about the repeated colourful silkscreen prints of Campbell'southward Soup Cans. It is a very diverse movement – which still speaks for the consumeristic social club of icons, symbols and brands of our contemporary world.
Dissimilar techniques, such as oil paints, acrylics, lithography, drawings, graphics, sculptures, textiles – the boundaries of Popular Fine art are difficult to define.
Is Pop Art expressionless?
Unquestionably, Pop Art has had an enormous corporeality of success, influencing the vocabulary of many contemporary artists all over the world. From the 1960s up until today, order has been profoundly focused on celebrities, mass product and consumption.
Even so, today Neo-Pop works present similar objects and subjects but in an elevated way to those with which Pop started. The globe of Street Art has become more focused on the icons of modern mean solar day and graphic images of publicity. Just like Pop, it is elevating 'low' Art and popular symbols.
Simply as Keith Haring's simplified figures covered New York in the 80s, walking around London today we encounter a series of extremely expressive figures fatigued merely with a few bones lines – works by British Graffiti artist Stik.
Stik's works accept been exhibited and sold at finest galleries and auctions. His style is unique in color and course and shows a very contemporary strand of what tin can be seen every bit Popular. Its reproducibility, legibility, iconic nature and popularity are a articulate reference to Keith Haring's works.
But at present the digital realm has become the center phase for contemporary society mixing and taking from the visual civilisation of games, influencers and the world of digital consumption. It is equally if the Pop Art motion was still evolving and beingness discovered as the digital and concrete boundaries of reproduction are reached.
'Pop Civilization' has go a more diverse expanded category of symbols, fictional and non-fictional characters and images. So mayhap, more than asking ourselves whether Pop Art is a movement of the past, we should ask ourselves how this movement pushed artists, and the masses, to look at the new horizons of the Arts.
Comprehend image: James Rosenquist, President-Elect, 1960-61/1964, oil on linen. Courtesy Centre Pompidou, Paris.
Written by Zoë Zanello
Southward tay Tuned on Kooness mag for more exciting news from the art world.
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Source: https://www.kooness.com/posts/magazine/top-30-pop-art-artists
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